Unchoked barrels are also ideal for slugs. When hunting in dense vegetation a cylinder bore barrel is often a must, because most of your shots will be taken at very close range, and the thick foliage makes long range shots impossible.
A Briley interchangeable choke with compensation holes. The choke values in this case are from 4 to 6 tenths , so half that of a Full choke. The fine balance of the medium choke values p roduces more and very regular, well-distributed shot patterns than other more open or closed chokes.
The medium choke can be used for most types of hunting and almost all feathered or furred game. I recommend reading the following article if you want to find out how to do just that. There are many tables online that show the percentages of pellets that hit the target on the basis of the chokes used at various ranges.
The first reason : is because there can be a huge difference in performance from one cartridge to the next. This, more uniform reference, is perfect. A 2 star choke chokes a barrel down by 7 - 8 tenths, a bit less than a Full choke and just one tenth more than the most closed medium choke.
In a cylinder bore barrel, in other words one without a choke, the pellet stack is subject to two forces only:.
The pellets therefore tend to disperse, in particular those at the edges of the spread and the last ones in the load will start to travel in divergent directions. It does this by shaping the pellet stack at the end of the barrel. Furthermore, compacting the pellets also reduces the spaces between them and limits the possibility of air getting in:.
After they leave the muzzle, the trajectory of the pellets becomes gradually more and more disturbed and the swarm spreads radially creating a transversal distribution that represents the "spread". The first thing to do is choose the cartridges you want to use. Take your gun to the firing range or a safe place and test it with a pattern plate, in observance of the regulations for doing so.
After placing large enough sheets at least 1 m2 on a wooden frame, mark the center of the sheet with colored tape, to help your aim. A gauge is usually tested at a range of 28 meters and a. In this case we recommend marking the metal plate with a reference number or code that matches any notes you might have written for each test. When assessing the ballistic performance of guns and ammo specifically designed for hunting it may be a good idea to perform tests using the same combination at various ranges, to see how the ballistic performance of the gun and ammo changes at the typical ranges we do most of our hunting at.
Start by firing at least 5 shots at a close range of 15 meters , increasing the range progressively to 25, 36 and 40 meters. If you think your shot patterns are too compact and notice some gaps in which the target might be missed or perhaps be hit by less pellets, this is when you should do something about it. When you know that the effects on the spread are closely related to shell load and components, such as:. After the initial assessment of your ammo, the best thing to do is try the same also with different chokes.
Write them down and always take note of all the results with any comments, creating a paper or photographic file with all the shot patterns you produced during the tests. In this way, even a long time later you can still check and be sure to know what effect a certain shell or barrel or choke will have at various ranges.
Missing your target is always a disappointment. After long and meticulous assessment of your tools the probability of a miss will be very low. In some cases this might go against the absolute concept that a longer barrel will give you a longer range than a shorter one in the same conditions.
Strange eh? The choke effects the range of modern hunting shotguns much more than barrel length. Experience is the best teacher but these lessons can be painful if learned in the field — for you and the turkey. Give yourself the upper hand and confidence in your equipment that comes from repetition. Manufacturers realized it was more lucrative to make chokes for specific guns than to create universal ones, so not every choke will fit in every shotgun.
A general thing to note on shot size is that while larger pellets No. Smaller pellets pattern better, but are more impacted by cover twigs and vegetation between you and the bird. The final thing to note is the penetration power of your pellets.
Below are some benchmarks for effective setups that you can be confident will deliver an ethical kill shot:. I would encourage you to explore those resources relative to your specific gun and decide which choke and shot combination will give you what you want.
For turkeys this will most often be the combination that gives you the tightest pattern and most power for the longest distance. If nothing else, I hope this brings clarity to how much variability there is between setups and suggests some starting points for determining what might work best for you.
What is a choke tube and which one is best for hunting turkeys? Share tweet share email print. If your confidence slips because of concerns about choke, or anything else, your focus may come off the bird and your movements may be hesitant resulting in misses behind. This concurs with my high-bird experience where I have found three-quarters and three-quarters works well in a 12, better than full and full. With many modern cartridges optimum pattern performance requires less than full constriction; excessive choke can blow a pattern.
Many foreign guns, especially small bores, may be ridiculously over-choked. This stated, I think 20s and, especially, 28s perform a bit better with a little more shotgun choke than I would advocate for a My 30in Beretta EELL bore, for example, shoots particularly well with two three-quarter chokes fitted about 20 thou constriction in a Although, one can try to state general principles concerning choke, I find that some guns just seem to shoot well with a particular constriction and there is no real science — none that is available at least — to support why this should be.
Shotgun ballistics are much more complex than one might think because there are so many variables: atmospheric conditions; shot size; shot density; shot coating; wad, primer, powder and case type; barrel diameter a nominal 12 might be anything from.
Some chokes are short, others long. Some are simple conic constrictions, others have a cone that leads into a parallel section, yet others have complex forms, including features such as radiused walls, relieved sections or expansion chambers. While we are getting technical, let me note that tight shotgun choke increase pressures, and hence velocity. A point of choke is worth about 1ft per second on velocity. As barrel length has a small effect on velocity too — about 5fps per inch in a bore — this may become more significant when extremes of choke and barrel length are combined.
For example, it is interesting to note that a 32in full-choke gun might have a velocity as much as fps faster than a 25in open-bored one, all other things being equal. Most intriguingly, constriction of the muzzles also has the effect of reducing the stringing of shot once it is significantly forward of the muzzles just forward of the muzzles there may some elongation of the shot column, but the terminal effect of choke is to reduce the length of the shot string and thus improve its efficiency.
This may seem counter intuitive but it was neatly demonstrated by Mr Griffiths of the Schultz Powder Company more than a hundred years ago by means of shooting choked and unchoked guns at a spinning disc. The results were published in The Field, like much else concerning choke and shotgun ballistics in the Golden Age.
Two tight but not extreme shotgun chokes are in order teamed with a high-performance cartridge; the choke may never be separated from the cartridge used with it. Quarter and quarter or half and half usually works well. For smaller bores my preference is a bit more choke than commonly advised.
Generally, the tighter the constriction on the choke tube, the lower the notch count on the front. Modified chokes normally have three notches while a full choke would only have one. The number of notches can vary between manufacturers, so it is always important to double-check which choke tube you have before installing in your firearm. Additional Information: In addition to the 4 most common chokes, there are other more specialized chokes.
These are used in specific circumstances like using a turkey choke while turkey hunting or a skeet choke while skeet shooting. There are many options when it comes to picking a choke and each one will pattern differently. Before taking a choke on a hunt, take the time to visit a patterning range and figure out the range and pattern of your particular choke.
Ammunition types can change how a choke tube fires as well. Steel shot fires in a significantly tighter pattern than lead shot. Rifled chokes will change how a sabot slug travels.
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